WASHINGTON — A bill recently introduced in Congress would deny U.S. citizenship to children born to illegal immigrants.

Supporters said the proposed measure, called the Citizenship Reform Act of 2005, would be a good way to control the number of people who have the right to claim citizenship — and the rights and benefits that come with it.

Opponents said the bill was “extreme” and would be likely to face constitutional challenges.

An estimated 200,000 to 300,000 children are born to illegal immigrants in the United States each year, according to the Center for Immigration Studies, a policy and research group that advocates for stricter immigration controls.

The Federation for American Immigration Reform, a group that also supports stricter policies, estimated that California spends about $7.7 billion each year to educate about 1 million children of illegal immigrants.

“Citizenship means you have some stake in this country; it’s not just an accident of geography,” said Ira Mehlman, a spokesman of the federation, which supports the measure.

However, immigrant-rights groups say that citizenship is a fundamental right that cannot be taken away by Congress.

“Citizenship belongs to a person wherever they are born,” said Katherine Cullion, an attorney with the Mexican American Legal Defense Fund, a Latino rights group. “The most basic, fundamental right is the right to citizenship in the country where you were born.”

Advocates for and against the measure, which has surfaced in various forms before, said the bill is unlikely to go far in Congress. The bill is now in the House Judiciary Committee. No hearing on the bill has been scheduled.

“This is really a perennial bill; it comes up each spring,” said Angela Kelley, deputy director of the National Immigration Forum, an immigrant-rights advocacy group based in Washington, D.C. “It gets a handful of cosponsors and never sees the light of day.”

If enacted, the bill would stipulate that children born in the United States would be considered American citizens only if born to parents who are citizens or legal residents living in the country.

Under current law, any children born in the country can claim American citizenship.

The bill was introduced last month by Georgia Republican Rep. Nathan Deal and was cosponsored by 16 other representatives, including Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, R-Huntington Beach; Rep. Gary Miller, R-Diamond Bar; and Tom Tancredo, R-Colorado.

Anti-illegal immigrant groups, such as the Federation for American Immigration Reform, say immigration, legal and illegal, is largely responsible for a population explosion that could lead to unprecedented social, economic and environmental problems.

“Massive population growth has and will continue to have a profound impact on the lives of all Americans,” said Dan Stein, president of the federation.

The group released a study this week that indicated more than half of the nation’s population growth over the last 35 years is due to immigration.

However, Steven Camarota, the Center for Immigration Studies’ director of research, said the citizenship bill itself will not solve the nation’s illegal immigration problem.

Without immigration enforcement elsewhere, such as at the border and at work sites, denying citizenship to the children of illegal immigrants would only make the number of illegal immigrants grow.

“By itself, it doesn’t move the ball forward very much, if at all,” Camarota said.